Watermarks: The sign of “C”

It may be that your eye is not drawn wallward as you stroll along the canals of Venice when the tide is low.

Perhaps you don’t find the mats of squishy green clinging to the building foundations very appealing.   Perhaps you don’t wish to notice how many small life forms are scurrying around, unhindered by that pesky water.   Perhaps there is a general sort of sliminess that reminds you uncomfortably of just how biological the Venetian environment is, and how little the lagoon cares about posing for you and your  romantic photographs.

But let’s say those things don’t bother you; let’s say you’re curious to find out what’s beneath the waterline, or almost.   If you look carefully, you may very well see this:

img_1928-comune-marino-comp

This incised capital C with the line beneath it is called the “Comune Marino” (hence the “C”), which roughly means “average sea.”   Or perhaps “sea average.”     This one, as it happens, is in the canal just outside our little hovel.  

Water level measurements were formalized in Venice in 1440 when the Water Authority (Magistrato alle Acque) began to measure the upper level of wet algae on canal embankments by carving the letter “C,” which indicated the normal high-tide level.   Water fosters certain kinds of algae which flourish in an “intertidal zone”, which is alternately wet and dry,  and the line of algae corresponds to the level of water.   Obviously.

So “Comune Marino” refers to the line created by the algae, a line which clearly  indicates the upper limit of the tide.

Good to know, but why?   Because   there are many situations in which an engineer would want to know where the average upper limit would be — if he was planning to build a bridge nearby, for example, or even an entire building.

So far, so general.   Keep in mind, though,  that in each place the “C” is  a marker of the average sea level in that canal at that point.   Its height only matters in relation  to what’s next to it — the water level will be “high” (or low) compared to a building foundation or embankment.   If the “C” appears to be going down (or the algae to be going up, like elevators in a French farce)  it might indicate that the building is subsiding, or even that the canal is silting up and becoming shallower.    Factors such as these  all bear some influence on where the average sea level will be in that place and whether you find it  innocuous or annoying.

A look at the mark when the tide is out. This illustrates the difficulty of answering the frequent question, "How deep are the canals?" As in, when the tide is high, or when it's low?
A look at the mark when the tide is out. This illustrates the difficulty of answering the frequent question, "How deep are the canals?" As in, when the tide is high, or when it's low?

An analysis of the displacement of the “algal belt” also  gives engineers some idea of the long-term trend of apparent rising of the sea level.   This is a subject that is far too great for this little post, but I merely note that the algae is playing its part in informing the world about the state of Venice.

Don’t be too quick, though,  to think that just because there’s some algae above the “C” that the city is sinking inexorably into the lagoon.   The algae has its own growing period (late winter to early autumn) and if the average high-tide level should rise one year, for one or many of several reasons, the line of algae will also rise.   If it should go down the next year, there will be less algae at the previous level.     Exceptional peaks in the high-tide level may cause temporary new growth, but it won’t necessarily survive the sunshine and dryness that returns when the tide level goes down.

Algae growth is also influenced by whether its location is on a sunny or shady side of the building, or whether the stone or brick it’s inhabiting is particularly porous.  

Field observations have shown that the fluctuation in the height of the “algal front” is no more than 2 cm (7/10ths of an inch).

So all is well?   Not really.   One factor  the Venetian engineers of 1440 didn’t have to deal with was “motondoso”  — that’s a polite way of saying “water constantly splattering from the waves caused by motorboats.”  

I’ll be devoting plenty of attention to  motondoso on a future page, but I recommend that you draw conclusions very carefully about water level based solely on the line of algae.   It’s highly likely that whatever spot you’re looking at is getting drenched by waves day and night, encouraging algae in an extravagant way, something that wasn’t happening back when they were busy carving “C’s” all over town.

The constant and extreme "motondoso" in the Giudecca Canal has created the perfect environment for algae on what used to be considered dry land.  Do not ever step on this kind of algae, it's more slippery than a slice of raw bacon.
The constant and extreme "motondoso" in the Giudecca Canal has created the perfect environment for algae on what used to be considered dry land, so its presence here doesn't tell you anything useful about average sea level. Do not ever step on this kind of algae, it's more slippery than a slice of raw bacon.

The Daily Trivia:   Regular measurements with instruments began in the 1870s.   In  2004, mean sea level was found to be 25 cm (9 inches) higher than it was  in 1897.   Yet all water-level measurements continue to be based on the mean sea level in 1897.  

We like to cling to the old ways here.   Or something.

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Welcome to the neighborhood

Via Garibaldi used to be a canal, which you can tell by the white stone border on each side.  It contains everything needful for human life, including two pharmacies.  The fact that they both stay in business tells me something about the neighborhood but I'm not sure what.
Via Garibaldi used to be a canal, which you can tell by the white stone border on each side. It contains everything needful for human life, including two pharmacies. The fact that they both stay in business tells me something about the neighborhood but I'm not sure what.

If someone in Venice were to ask me where I live, the generic answer would be “Castello,” which is the name of the sestiere, or one of the six neighborhoods into which Venice is divided.   But that’s just a little too generic, considering that Castello is fairly large and has several hundred little subsets with all sorts of variations ranging from the sublime to the moderately mystifying.

The more precise answer is “Via Garibaldi.”   We don’t actually live right there — we’re down beyond the end of it.   But it’s an answer which  represents not only geographical coordinates and a zip code, but  an entire biosphere of its own with its own history and climate and fauna, a zone  which to Venetians of other sestieri still connotes verging on the exotic, even vaguely hazardous.

Carnival means the street is clogged with kids, the only difference from every day is that they're in costume.  Otherwise, it's just craziness as usual.
Carnival means the street is clogged with kids, the only difference from every other day being that they're in costume. Otherwise, it's just chaos as usual.

Once, when we were living in Dorsoduro, we overheard a mother snapping at her kid: “Stop shouting!   You sound just like somebody from Castello!”     And when we moved away — to Castello, of all places — Lino could hardly believe how far down in the world he had come.   To his relatives, he might as well have gone to Tasmania.   In fact, Tasmania would have made some sense.   But Castello?  

Many, if not most, people who visit Venice think of the city of palaces and monuments, and maybe also some trendy boutiques and clever little galleries.     Our part of Venice is a gristly precinct beyond and behind the Arsenal.   The Arsenal was the shipyard where Venice’s fleets were built, the foundation on which Venetian power — economic, military, political — rested.   It’s thanks to the Arsenal that all those palaces and monuments exist, so Castello doesn’t have to apologize to anyone if it has chosen to remain in its primordial state.   During Venice’s Great Days there were as many as 10,000 people working in the Arsenal, and their dwellings and relatives surrounding it constituted what amounted to a company town.   Although very few, if any, locals still work in the Arsenal, I’m  convinced there are people here who still haven’t discovered fire.

A member opens the clubhouse of the Mutual Aid Society of Carpenters and Caulkers, a flourishing remnant of the old Arsenal days when the workers had only each other to turn to for help.
A member opens the clubhouse of the Mutual Aid Society of Carpenters and Caulkers, a flourishing remnant of the old Arsenal days when the workers had only each other to turn to for help.

If Venice isn’t a place for everybody, Castello is even less so.   And Via Garibaldi is the axis of a Hogarthian world where the men’s bodies swarm with tattoos; where men and women alike use hand-hewn phrases which can’t be translated and shouldn’t be repeated, and their rampant children have two basic ways of communicating: Yelling and crying.   They’re a lot like London’s East Enders (denizens of another once-great seaport enclave) — tough, practical, unromantic yet sentimental homebodies to whom family and neighborhood are the universe, where grown men call each other “love” and women call each other “girls.”   It’s not that they don’t know there’s a world out there, they just don’t find it all that interesting.  

I love Venice in a complicated way that I don’t understand very well.   In the midst of the obvious  beauty and grandeur and all, the city is also  composed of  so many  aspects which verge on ugliness but which, strangely,  also have their own sort of allure.   Nelson Algren once wrote that “It isn’t hard to love a town for its greater and lesser towers … but you never truly love it till you can love its alleys too.”   You discover this in unexpected moments and glimpses, where she doesn’t mind you seeing her without her girdle: no excuses, no apologies.  

The “alleys” would be out here, with the ingenious, illegal,  improvised sewer outflows, and the “What, me worry?” deposits of dog poop and the hand-lettered signs vilifying the anonymous neighbor who has left his bag of garbage under your window, and the mismatched lifelong friends in the bar  shouting at each other — the one who’s right and the one who’s wrong — about something that happened years ago.   In fact, they’re both right.   Or wrong.

What happens is this: People put out plastic bags of garbage long before the collection is due to begin.  Sometimes they do this on a Saturday afternoon, which means the bags will sit there till Monday morning.  This time frame gives the seagulls plenty of time to bust open the bags and scavenge.  Now the pigeons have started to take up the habit.  Everyone knows this, including the people who put out their bags, bags which would be collected from their very own doorstep,  but which they prefer to bring secretly to this anonymous corner.  It's so stupid it's almost beautiful.
What happens is this: Some people put out plastic bags of garbage long before the collection is due to begin. Sometimes they do this on a Saturday afternoon, which means the bags will sit there till Monday morning, thereby giving the seagulls plenty of time to bust open the bags and scavenge. Now the pigeons have started to take up the habit as well. Everyone knows this, including the people who put out their bags, bags which would be collected from their very own doorstep, but which they prefer to bring secretly to this anonymous corner. It's so stupid it's almost beautiful.

This is not nostalgie de la boue; many things about life down here in the bilges range from infuriating to only slightly flinch-worthy.   Then there are the aspects you can’t easily categorize — say, the septic tank somewhere on the other side of  our canal which for far too long desperately needed pumping out.   When we had company for dinner I used to pray that the wind wouldn’t shift.   They say you can get used to anything, but I’m here to tell you: Not that.  

I was walking down the via Garibaldi one early evening; there was a middle-aged Venetian couple coming toward me.  

There had been a few airplane crashes that month: One in the sea just outside Palermo, another that hit near Athens, now one in Venezuela somewhere.

Anyway, I reach earshot just as the woman is saying to her husband, “Not me.   I’ll never go on an airplane.   Forget it.”

He says, “What about a ship?”

“Not even a ship.   I’m staying home, I’m not going anywhere.   If I die, I’m going to die right here in Via Garibaldi.”   (Wait a minute — “If” you die?).    

That’s what the true voice of a neighborhood sounds like — especially this one.   Via Garibaldi to the bitter end.  

I’m with her.

You'll always run into somebody to talk to -- or about -- on Via Garibaldi.
You'll always run into somebody to talk to -- or about -- on Via Garibaldi.
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Flashback: Signor Vitale

Vitale Rossi was the last luganegher (yoo-ghan-eh-GHAIR) in Venice, and  his shop and workshop happened to be  just across the canal from our first apartment.   In the shop, he and his implacable wife Anna sold the myriad pork products he had created: prosciutto (cured and cooked), pancetta (smoked and otherwise), sopressa, salame, culatello, zampone, and so on.   If it had been any relation to scrofa domesticus, it was fair game to him.

More important to me — as after all this time I still have only a cordial, if not passionate, relationship with swine products — Signor Vitale was my guardian angel.   I deeply regret not ever having taken even one picture of him, but I doubt that a mere camera could have captured, much less conveyed, the profound kindness that radiated from his eyes, his smile, his follicles, his synapses, his DNA.  

Facade of the former scuola of the luganegheri, on the Zattere at number 1473.  At the fall of the Republic in 1797 there were 684 individuals registered in 198 shops working exclusively with pork.
Facade of the former scuola of the luganegheri, on the Zattere at number 1473. At the fall of the Republic in 1797 there were 684 individuals registered in 198 shops working exclusively with pork.

Back when I was totally new here, knowing nobody and speaking only the most rudimentary pidgin Italian, he would gaze at me as I attempted to order with the gentlest and most patient expression I’ve ever seen.   If I came into the shop on the verge of closing time, at the end of a long and tiring day, and asked for a mere bottle of water or  two rolls,  in some silent way he convinced me that this transaction  was the best thing that had happened to him all day.  

There were many, many afternoons around 4:00 or so when I would go over to buy some fragment of something   just so I could absorb for a moment his extraordinary aura.   He would relax for a few minutes by expressing some opinion on the current state of anything, or relating  assorted tidbits about his past, or about the business, or the finer points (explained very carefully but lovingly) of curing prosciutto.   Occasionally he would take me back into the laboratory and show me the various pieces of meat undergoing treatments and processes involving smoke, salt, and time.  

As a workplace, it couldn’t have changed much from the pork labs of the Dark Ages.   But for Signor Vitale, raising a herd of Olympic heptathletes would not have required more devotion or given him  more satisfaction than he felt every day as he tested and turned and smelled the progress of his assorted hanging hocks.

Their patron was Saint Anthony Abbot, who is often depicted with a pig.  Monks of his order would support their charities by raising swine.
Their patron was Saint Anthony Abbot, who is often depicted with a pig. Monks of his order would support their charities by raising swine.

On dark, foggy winter nights, the light shining from the shop window was the only illumination on that entire stretch of fondamenta.   It was the lighthouse of the neighborhood, in more ways than one.

As my language skills improved, so did our conversations, obviously.   I still depended on the smile, but now was much more curious to hear his opinions and ruminations.   He never disappointed me.   Talking with him did me more good than five homilies.

One January morning I stopped in for something and there he was, alone.   This was great — it meant he had a minute to “exchange four words” with me, as he put it.

I started: “Did you see the eclipse of the moon this morning?”   (We had gotten up before dawn to go out and witness the event.)

He smiled.   “I have to work.”

“Working at 4:30 in the morning??” I asked.

“I was sleeping.”   His eyes  smiled at me.   I don’t know how he does it.   If I were a pig, I’d say “Yes, come slaughter me.   Just as long as you’re happy.”  

I said, “Well, it was beautiful.   We didn’t get up at 4:30 — we saw it from 5:30 to 6:00.   But we’re up then anyway.”

He looked startled.   “I get up at 6:30,” he said.   “If I’m going to work a 12-hour day, at nearly 80 years old, I need to get some rest.   No point staying up late or getting up too early.”  

Which brought to mind the subject of age, which segued almost immediately into the topic of one’s departure from this life.   The notorious exiled politician Benito Craxi had died of a heart attack the day before, and the funeral was today, in Tunisia.   So people out and around have been discussing him, with heavy moralistic overtones (anything from “What a pity, he was a good, innocent person who didn’t deserve to die” to “What a crook, he should have died years ago”).   No one, clearly, taking into account that the rain falls on the just and the unjust alike, and whatever you do, your train is headed in the same direction as everybody else’s.

“Look at Craxi,” Signor Vitale volunteered.   “”What use was all that struggling for power and money?   There he is, dead at 66.   Didn’t do him any good at all.   You don’t need a lot of money in order to live.”   He touched his forehead, to indicate that the only requirement was a functioning brain.   “People need to learn to content themselves with what they have.   We need to learn how to take life for what it is.”

“Yes, but he wanted to be big,”  was my  very unoriginal observation.

“You can’t be big,” Signor Vitale stated.   “Or anyway, not past a certain point.   You know the balloons kids have at  the fair?   They blow them up and blow them up to the point where the balloon can’t hold anymore and it explodes.   The same thing for us.   We can’t be big past a certain point.   After a hundred years, nobody will remember we even existed.   You know?”   He seemed  completely at peace with that fact.

“He wanted more,” I said, just to keep things going.

“Well sure,” Signor Vitale replied,  one of his large, machete-like knives in his hand.   “Mussolini wanted more, and he  got it, too” — he made a thrusting motion with the knife and smiled seraphically.   “Yep, he got more.”

At 6:00 the same evening I found myself back in the shop.   Needed milk and butter.    Signor Vitale was at the helm alone again, but this time there’ was a lady wearing an extremely gorgeous mink coat buying some milk and few other oddities.   As I waited, I stared at the mink,  struggling not to reach out and caress it — it was one of those furs that is so lush and gleaming  that it not only screams “Money,” it also screams “Touch me.”     I didn’t, but I stared.

When she left, I said to Signor Vitale, “Did you see that coat?”

He shrugged.   “I’m no expert on fur.”

“I’m not either, but even a civilian like me could tell that it was something exceptional.”

He looked unimpressed.   “Doesn’t it seem a little much, to wear something like that to go shopping?”   I’ve gotten so used to see women here wearing fur coats, especially mink, that it hadn’t occurred to me.   She has to wear something, after all.   But of course he was right.

“Was it mink?” he asked.

“Indubitably,” I replied.

“I guess it usually is.”

“Well yes,” I said, “but there’s mink and mink.”

“I don’t know,” he went on.   “Some people try to make themselves appear to be something greater than they are.   Look at Craxi.”   This was clearly the topic du jour, a very useful tool  should you  want to calibrate your personal values along with the barometer.    

“He went so high, but people who go so high, who achieve all those glories, usually have humiliations to match.   It’s better to be content with what you have.   All that money.   What was it for?   He could still be alive” — he seemed to be implying that the desire for pelf was one contributing cause to the man’s demise.   I didn’t know that “love of lucre” could be listed as a cause of death, but there was no doubt in Signor Vitale’s mind.

“The important thing is to love your work,” he declared, smiling that incredibly benevolent smile.   His eyes beamed on me.   I felt like a mink coat.   “If you can work with serenity, you’ve got all you need in life.   You need to be honest.”   Evidently Craxi’s dishonesty — which he dishonestly denied, of course, up to the last palpitation of his flawed little heart — was another reason for his dying so young.

“What you need in life,” he continued, “is to work, to listen to the birdsong, to look at a beautiful woman” — he smiled, but seemed to sense he might be wandering onto tricky terrain, “to read a good book,” he neatly recovered.   “This is what matters in life.”  

 These were  clearly  not opinions he was expressing, but facts.   You can’t argue with a philosophy like this, especially when you know that the person expressing it spent several years in a prisoner-of-war camp in Germany during World War II, and raised four children, at least one of whom is a doctor, on the money he made from a batch of prosciutto.  

Anyway, he was preaching to the converted.   I had just noticed, crossing the bridge, the exquisitely pale, violet gleam of  the winter sunset, and how the transparent sky was beginning to show tiny dots of stars.   (I had also noticed a small water rat swimming sturdily from the drainpipe on one side of the canal to the other, leaving a perfect rippling V behind him or her.   It’s all nature.)  

I wondered if the woman in the mink coat would have noticed the same things, and if they’d have given her spirit the same lift they gave mine.    Or does mink act as a sort of protective layer against more than mere cold?   (Let’s be fair here, even philistines have to keep warm.)   I have to watch out that I don’t fall into the mindset of those Russians who  boast that they’re more spiritually alive than the materialistic clods in the West, even as they’re scraping the  mold off their last piece of bread.   It’s a very tempting frame of mind sometimes.   The old “less is more,” but taken to  metaphysical extremes.

This is the sort of musing that Signor Vitale almost always lures me into.   Still, it so  obviously works for him that you’re really, really tempted to believe it.

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Laundry, one of the unsung wonders of Venice

Now I’m going to reveal something that I have confided in only a few people:   my passion for laundry.   Not just mine, everybody’s.  It’s more than a mere passion, it’s more like a  fixation, really.   A mania.

morning-laundry-compressed-web-pages1Clotheslines, fluttering with their victorious domestic banners, are like daily bulletins, footnotes in the ongoing family story.   Plenty of people walk around Venice snapping pictures of laundry, I suppose because by now it’s something you don’t see very often back home.   I can tell you that when I see people photographing my laundry, it annoys me.   I don’t regard it or myself as either quaint or picturesque.

 But why do I love it so much, in my own secret connoisseur’s heart?   It’s not the laundry itself, but the drying thereof, because that is the linchpin of the entire domestic enterprise.   Not having a clothes dryer (I only know one person here who has one, and she uses it about twice a year, in the winter), you develop, quickly or slowly, a sense about the weather and its capacity to dry your garments that you’d never have imagined possessing   in more appliance-laden towns.   It’s a jungle-lore sort of skill.

img_1950-laundry-1-compThis week is a case in point.  We have been having a stretch of dream weather: breezy, sunny, dry, cloudless.   It’s weather which inspires rational people — and there are more of them than I imagined, judging by the  troop  transports  which are the overloaded vaporettos heading to the Lido  — as I say, rational people to obey the   seductive call,  “Beeeeeeeeeaaaaaaaach.”

But I, and I think I’m not alone, look out the window and think “Laundry!!!”   Because with this perfect concatenation of elements you feel invincible, capable of drying anything, and by the look of the clotheslines around this part of the neighborhood this weather inspires a sort of primal instinct (cue the voice of David Attenborough), an irresistible urge to wash heavy cotton terrycloth bathrobes, double-bed-size comforters, vast thick beach towels, all sorts of blankets.   Mattress covers.   Sweatshirts (Go Big Red!).   Many pairs of jeans.

 img_8326-laundry-2-compIf you have ever  tried to dry anything on a winter day of chilly fog, or even those few days when it’s so cold your underwear literally freezes solid (I did not make that up),    you don’t need to be reading this, because you know.   Also, I think laundry is beautiful.  

So what happens is that I am not only in love with the texture and fragrance of the socks and T-shirts as I gather them in (is that really what sunshine smells like?), I can’t resist looking at other women’s laundry.   How’s it going?   What time did she start the washing machine to have it out already at this hour?   How can one family have so many black undergarments?   This is an irrefutable sign of going bush.

Speaking of mysteries, there was a person living in the top floor corner apartment on the west side of Campazzo San Sebastian who every day hung out a man’s medium-blue dress shirt.   I became fascinated with this, not because it was happening but why.   Does he have only one?   And more to the point, where is the rest of his garb?   In ten years I never saw any other item of clothing, for man, woman, or beast, hanging out there over the street.   It almost reached the point where I was ready to ring his doorbell to find out.   But then I realized that I was enjoying  wondering  more than I would knowing.img_7936-laundry-7-comp

My friend, Cristina, who has the clothes dryer, told me this: When she and her husband and twins moved into their new apartment in a very unprocessed part of Dorsoduro called Santa Marta, she accepted that as newcomers they would be under round-the-clock surveillance by the other women in the neighborhood.   Everybody pretends nothing is going on, but they  see everything.  

She  already knew that a certain type of housewife — I use the term not in a sociological but technical  sense, because here housewifery still a respected full-time occupation,  as respected as being an airplane mechanic — cadres of such women inspect  the hung-out laundry with  a  terrific list of parameters.   They draw numerous conclusions about you, your mother, your ancestors,  how many languages you speak, whether you’ve ever read Proust, not so much according to what you hang out to dry (there’s only so many items a family uses) but how you do it.  

An excellent example of the Right Way to do it.
An excellent example of the Right Way to do it.

Socks hung out at random?   Say, colors not matching, or thrown in with the briefs or bras?   Bad.   Do you hang your husband/son/uncle’s  shirt out by the hem, or by the shoulder?   (Ditto any kind of trouser — there are two distinct schools of thought on  whether hanging them by the waistband or the leg-hems is more effective, aesthetically pleasing, appropriate, etc.   Pantyhose also falls in this category.)   Matching items grouped together in perfect sequence are what you want to aim for, as they bespeak scrupulosity, forethought, and a commitment to doing things the Right Way.   (I am not making this up.)

But Cristina happened to be  using her dryer in  those early days  and therefore not hanging out any laundry at all.   The neighbor women couldn’t stand it.  Eventually one of them stopped her on the street and asked her, point-blank, where her laundry was.   “I don’t know what they were thinking,” she told me, “like maybe we never washed….”  

It can look just as good wet as dry.
It can look just as good wet as dry.

All you need is sun, at least for a little while (we get it in our courtyard for approximately an hour), no humidity, and a certain kind of breeze — not so strong (though of course it’s gratifying to watch your laundry thrashing around outside), but steady.   Today it’s perfect, a sturdy, efficient little zephyr that has  kept going all day.   I feel such a sense of triumph when I bring in the heavy stuff, all dry, that I have to remind myself that I get absolutely no credit for either  the sun or the wind.

Daily trivia: The common word here for laundry is bucato.   This literally means “holed,” as in, having holes in it.   Not holes that it came with, holes that were caused by countless washings, which until not so long ago was still accomplished with a washboard and tub.  

More trivia:   The washboard was the perfect tool by which to teach your kid how to swim.   Generations of Venetian children learned how to swim by hanging onto their mother’s washboard.  

So all those people photographing laundry on the line might as well be photographing Neolithic rock art.   They know what it looks like, but they have no idea what it means.  

I am convinced that when the Last Trump blows on Judgment Day, there will be at least one woman in the world who is too busy hanging out socks to even hear it.

img_7372-laundry-shadows-comp

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