Yes, there will be spring

I don’t know who needs to see this, but nobody refuses delivery of the very first forsythia blossom on the entire bush.  Or in the entire world.

Seen at the Morosini Naval School. It’s probably way, way out of order. No shore leave for a month.

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Mooning the tides

Returning to the topic of the Venetian tides, which scared everybody because it seemed as if they had lost their mind — or minds.  Do they have more than one?

Anyway, let’s see what the Tide Center forecast is for today and the next few days:

As we can see, the tides are really smoothing out.

Let’s show why this is happening by consulting one of the most important meteorological influences: The moon.  The greatest jumps between high and low tide occur when the moon is full or when it is new (or “dark,” as they say here).

The full moon on Feb. 6 got the ball rolling, so to speak.

There was a pause on the 14th, not to celebrate Saint Valentine but because twice a month, when the waning or waxing moon is at the half, the tides scarcely change at all for the space of about 24 hours.  Venetians call this the “morto de aqua,” or death of the water.  Fun fact: For that brief interval, there is often unsettled-to-bad weather.  I always imagine that the moon, which spends most of the month keeping the weather on the rein, so to speak, takes a break and the weather just runs around and does whatever it likes.  In fact, for the next few days a violent northeast wind is expected to blast through here.

The evidence is before us: After February 14, moving toward the new moon on the 20th, the tides went to exciting extremes.  But now look at the moon from Feb. 27-28, and compare flattish tide forecast.

So arm yourself with a barometer (high atmospheric pressure = lower water), the Tide Center forecast, and the phases of the moon, and no canal will ever be able to sneak up on you ever again.

The moon has its own official fish.

This 100-pound moonfish (also Southern spotted opah, or Lampris australensis) washed up on an Oregon beach.  There seems to have been no complicity with the tides, however.  (livescience.com)
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the voyage of the swan

We expected to see the usual Sunday morning mix of taxis and vaporettos, but a mute swan (Cygnus olor) was a surprise.

May 1 was a national holiday, here and in many other countries, and it’s generally known as International Workers’ Day.  So in honor of workers everywhere, we also did not work that day.  We went out for an early morning row, and were amazed to be met in the Bacino of San Marco by a very fine, and very unexpected, feathered friend.

There are about 270 species of bird in the lagoon over the course of the year, either pausing in their migrations, stopping for the winter, or just moving in permanently.  The Venetian lagoon is on a major north-south flyway, and apart from being enormous, is one of the few, ever-diminishing coastal wetlands in Europe.
He was tranquilly crossing the Bacino without any noticeable destination in mind — more or less like any other tourist wandering the city, except much more beautiful.
He didn’t seem to mind the waves as much as I do.
Recent fossil records, according to the British Ornithological Union, show that Cygnus olor is among the oldest bird species still extant; some fossil and bog specimens date back to 13,000 B.C.E.  The young bird is initially gray and gradually becomes white over four years.

We have often seen a pair of swans in the northern lagoon, beyond Torcello, and also on the Brenta river near Malcontenta; one time we counted nearly 50 floating in the distance near Sant’ Erasmo.  Lino told me that when he was a lad, some birds that we now commonly see in the city, such as cormorants, egrets, and seagulls, never came to town.  You’d see them only in the distance, he says, if you saw them at all.  Now they’re everywhere.

But the swans weren’t to be seen anywhere.  About 35 years ago, Giampaolo Rallo, now president of the Mestre Pro Loco, then a naturalist at the Natural History Museum, noticed that there wasn’t a swan to be found in the lagoon, “not even if you paid it,” as one account put it.  So he got what he calls “this crazy idea” to bring back the swans.  On April 13, 1984, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), together with the Gazzettino, launched a drive to find individuals willing to sponsor (fancy word for “pay for”) pairs of swans — not a small contribution, considering that a pair cost the equivalent of $315 today.

He strolled, so to speak, over to the riva Ca’ di Dio where someone was dropping a few crumbs into the water – or so it appeared. Photos ensued. It wasn’t long before he decided to investigate other sources of snacks, such as the seaweed.

Over a period of two years, up to one hundred couples were acquired in the Netherlands and placed in the “fish valleys” of the southern lagoon.  “It was a great cultural work,” Rallo explained to a journalist from La Nuova Venezia in 2019, “because we had to teach the respect of all the great waterbirds — I’m thinking also of the flamingoes.  But there was real enthusiasm in the city for this initiative and there were important signs, such as the participation of Federcaccia Venezia” (the hunters’ association) “which bought a pair and made their volunteers available to watch over the swans to prevent anyone from disturbing or wounding them.”  Who would hurt a swan?  Well, hungry people a few generations back had no problem with trying to get these spectacular creatures on the table.

Today there are a thousand swans in the lagoon, and are sometimes seen even in Mestre’s modest waterways.  A breeding pair named Silvia and Peter live near the lagoon at Caorle, and are awaiting the hatching of their eleventh brood of cygnets.

Moving on toward some moored vaporettos.
Hello, what’s this?  A shiny little metal plate that looks crunchy.  Or maybe not.
Not.  Definitely not.
Well, let’s mosey along and see what else we can find.
While I’m marveling at the wonder of his being in Venice, he is perhaps marveling at the notion that anybody could live in a place like this and not on a muddy tidal islet lined with reeds.

A tasty morsel hiding behind this taxi? He got there first.  At this point we moved on, so I have no idea what else happened to him.
This is your swan’s typical territory. You can understand why it was so strange to see one in downtown Venice.

My most powerful memory of swans was a moment that was not, and anyway could not have been, photographed.  It all happened so quickly.

Years ago, we were out rowing near the island of Santo Spirito on a deep grey morning in winter.  Suddenly a trio of large birds flew toward us — three swans — flying so low it seemed we could touch them.

I had never seen swans flying, much less so near.  As they passed overhead, their long graceful necks undulated slightly, and a barely discernible murmuring sound came from their throats.

Swans may be beautiful when they’re doing nothing, but when they fly they are magic.

He would so love to be a swan. Let’s just let him have it.
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muddy waters

All that mud has to go somewhere. We certainly don’t want it here.

After my post on dredging (which was far too long ago, I apologize), I’m attempting a return with some answers to the question several readers put to me: What happens to the mud that is dredged from the canals?

Bear in mind that Venice has dredged its canals many times over the centuries and deposited the mud somewhere it could be useful.  For example, the island of Sacca Sessola was created from 1860-1870 with the mud dredged from the area of Santa Marta during the deepening of the canals of the maritime zone.  And it is far from being the only one.

Sacca Sessola (so named because it was shaped in a way that reminded somebody of the common boat-bailing scoop) first served as a fuel depository facility, then converted in 1914 to house a large hospital dedicated to curing respiratory diseases, particularly tuberculosis.  In 2015 the J.W. Marriott company turned the decrepit remains of the abandoned hospital into a five-star luxury hotel/resort, and renamed the island in its publicity as Isola delle Rose (Island of the Roses).  Venetians continue to call it Sacca Sessola.
Sacca Sessola is easy to identify from afar by its water tower. Like all the hospital islands, it was largely self-sufficient. Apart from the water, it had a stable full of cows, a bakery, laundry, and a lovely church. From the pictures on their website, it appears that the church is now a cocktail bar, or at least a venue for some elegant social event. (Photo: Riccardo Roiter Rigoni)

Small digression: “Sacca” (saca in Venetian) is often used to identify such places, but don’t confuse it with sacco, which means “bag.” A sacca is defined as “an inlet or cove of the sea, lake, river, or more precisely the bottom of an inlet or gulf.  In geography, the accumulation of brackish water, very shallow, that is formed in sandy areas that separate the branches of a delta, from the resurgence of seawater from the subsoil.”  End of digression.

Ludovico Ughi’s map (1729) showed that Venice had plenty of empty spaces where land was later to be applied.  Counterclockwise from top left we see the Sacca di Santa Chiara (just to illustrate what was meant by “sacca”), and the island of Santa Chiara.  Then there is the expansion of the Santa Marta area where the red-circled area of water shown here was filled in for a military parade ground in 1838 by the Austrians, shown below.  At the far right, water ripples where the island of Sant’ Elena now stands.
Santa Marta 1838.  The Austrians need a military parade ground, or Campo di Marte, so let’s wedge one in here.
In 1869 the train station is visible in all its glory; notice that the island of Santa Chiara is still hanging on right next door.
Big doings in 1888.  Dredgings are dumped to form the new “Stazione Marittima,” or maritime terminal, clearly visible in the upper left corner and thereby  (obliterating? incorporating?) the island of Santa Chiara. In the same year, the Giudecca has been elongated by the addition of Sacca Fisola and Sacca San Biagio.  Even though the Austrians departed in 1866, the Campo di Marte on this German map is still labeled “Exerzierzplatz” (exercise place).
In 1913 the area at Santa Marta is now labeled “Ex Campo di Marte” and the lower half of the land is occupied by warehouses. The black lines stretching along the bridge and down to the Stazione Marittima and the waterfront on the Canale di Fusina were railway tracks bringing freight trains directly to the ships.  At the easternmost edge of the city we now see “Isola di Sant’ Elena,” developed in the 1920’s on land that had been built there as another military parade ground.  At least they found a useful second life after the Austrians left.
The Stazione Marittima was enlarged in 1958 by an extension cleverly named Tronchetto.  It does sort of look like an elephant’s trunk.  Less fancifully, it is also known as “Isola Nuova” (new island).

Murano, a natural grouping of lagoon islands, has been amplified with dredgings over the years; if you look at Google Maps (satellite view) you can easily locate Sacca Serenella, a sort of industrial zone to which no tourist would be lured.  Murano has also grown on its northern perimeter by the addition of yet another island, mostly barren at the moment, where the Centro Sportivo San Mattia is located.

Murano.  Sacca Serenella is the lower island, and the upper barren land has only partially been reclaimed by a sports facility that includes state-of-the-art bocce courts.

The cemetery island of San Michele has undergone quite an expansion over the past few years, thanks to dredgings from the city and environs.  Puts a perfect, if slightly queasy, spin on the old “dust to dust” trope.  I wonder if you could specify in your will that you want to be buried in the mud dug up from the canal nearest to your home.

The current island was originally two — San Michele and San Cristoforo. Napoleon decreed the establishment of a municipal cemetery. as opposed to the local graveyards near parish churches.  More space is constantly needed, so keep those dredgings coming.
Two steps, so to speak, from San Michele is a reconstructed barena, painstakingly built up to replace one that the motondoso had completely eroded.  Considering how many motorboats roar past every day, and even more in the summer, I’m not betting that it will not eventually meet the same fate.  To the right is the larger barena created just a few years ago more or less at the same time as the Vento di Venezia marina.  It used to be a lovely stretch of water to row across on the way to the Vignole, but Lord knows we need more barene.

When there is a large quantity of mud to be deposited, it is sprayed from enormous barges through high-powered tubes, specifically to form new barene (marshy islands).  This process was quite a spectacle for a while during the construction of the “Vento di Venezia” marina at the island of the Certosa.

Looking across the recreated barena from the moorings at the Vento di Venezia.
Not visible here are the barely submerged bags of stones that defend the fragile muddy islets from the lashing of the motorboat waves.
The barrier is easier to see in this view.  Lino went exploring among the saltwort (Salicornia europaea).  We often see birds here, sometimes nesting — egret, beccaccia di mare (Haematopus olstralegus), cavaliere d’Italia (Himantopus himantopus).  The random seagull.

Unhappily, sometimes the mud is poison.  I’m not picking on Murano, but canals near the glass furnaces are known to contain arsenic and a few other chemicals not conducive to health.  The sediments along the lagoon edge by the Industrial Zone are loaded with heavy metals — pick your favorite, it will be there.  Sometimes illegal clammers go there at night, sell the clams, they’re sold to restaurants, etc.  You can imagine.

Because the provenance of the mud matters, there is a system by which it is analyzed and classified and, if necessary, treated to render it harmless.  This is more than usually important if it’s being sold to farmers to enrich their fields.  I haven’t researched the system(s), so please don’t ask me.  The point is that they exist.

The mud of Venice.  You probably wouldn’t call it poetic, but it’s just as important as the water.

 

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